International Proceeding Universitas Tulungagung is an outcome of international seminar held by Universitas Tulungagung. This seminar aims to gather and unite various ideas, challenge, and the results of scientific research and practical experience collected in the Proceeding International Seminar Universitas Tulungagung. This seminar is held annually with the latest themes and presents competent speakers in their fields both from within and outside the country. The articles contained in this article cover multidisciplinary studies of all fields. Articles can consist conceptual and research report arranged according to the format/template that has been determined. The language used in this proceeding is English. Without reducing scientific weight, this proceeding accepts writings from authors issued from other tertiary institutions both inside and outside the country whose writings have never been published in any print or online media.
A PUBLIC-DRIVEN MARKETPLACE FOR SUSTAINABLE MICRO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EXPLORING VALUE CO-CREATION IN TULUNGAGUNG’S CAR-FREE DAY BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM
Public-driven marketplaces such as Car-Free Day (CFD) events have emerged as informal yet influential ecosystems that support micro-entrepreneurs in many developing regions. However, little is known about how value co-creation unfolds within these socially embedded gig-based environments, particularly when local governments act as facilitators connecting supply and demand. This study aims to examine the dynamics of value co-creation among micro-entrepreneurs supported by the local MSME Office in Tulungagung and operating within the CFD business ecosystem. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis to capture the lived experiences, interactions, and collaborative practices among gig-based micro-entrepreneurs. Thematic analysis was used to identify value co-creation mechanisms emerging from everyday entrepreneurial activities, social interactions, and resource integration processes within the CFD setting. The findings reveal that value co-creation is driven by three interrelated mechanisms: community-based knowledge sharing, spontaneous collaborative problem-solving, and adaptive micro-innovation. These mechanisms enhance entrepreneurial resilience, strengthen network embeddedness, and foster sustainable business practices on both individual and collective levels. The results also show that the MSME Office functions as a hybrid orchestrator—bridging public spaces, market demand, and entrepreneurial capabilities—thus promoting inclusive and community-driven economic participation. This study contributes to the literature on gig economy ecosystems, sustainable micro-entrepreneurship, and public-sector-enabled marketplaces by providing empirical insights into how informal settings can catalyze collaborative value creation. Practical implications highlight the need for stronger ecosystem facilitation, capacity-building programs, and ethical governance to support long-term micro-entrepreneurial sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BUSINESS PLANNING BASED ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT PROJECTIONS AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS AS A GROWTH STRATEGY FOR WAROENG CEMILAN AMIMI MSME
This study aims to develop a business plan for Waroeng Cemilan Amimi, an MSME, based on financial statement projections and financial feasibility analysis to support strategic growth. The research adopts a quantitative case study approach, utilizing historical financial data and projecting future performance for the next five years. Financial feasibility is assessed using key indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period to evaluate potential profitability and investment viability. The results indicate that a business planning approach grounded in financial projections can provide actionable insights for decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and enhance the growth potential of the MSME. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of structured financial management and investment evaluation in small and medium enterprises. The findings offer practical guidance for business owners and managers in planning expansions, managing risks, and improving overall financial performance. This study contributes to the understanding of how financial planning and feasibility assessment can serve as critical tools for sustainable growth in the MSME sector.
Business Planning, Financial Statement Projections, Financial Feasibility Analysis, MSME Growth, Strategic Management Research
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ACCOUNTING-BASED BUSINESS PLAN DEVELOPMENT: COST ANALYSIS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT PROJECTION, AND PROFITABILITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MSME TARA’S PROMOTIONAL BAGS
This study aims to develop an accounting-based business plan for Tara’s Promotional Bags, a micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) engaged in the production of promotional bags. The research focuses on integrating cost analysis, financial statement projections, and profitability enhancement strategies as the foundation for effective business planning. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, combining observation, interviews, and documentation techniques to obtain comprehensive financial and operational data. The cost analysis identifies the structure of production expenses and highlights potential cost efficiency opportunities. Financial projections were prepared to illustrate expected income, balance sheet positions, and cash flow performance over a one-year period, providing a realistic overview of the enterprise’s financial prospects. Furthermore, profitability strategies were formulated by emphasizing cost control, pricing adjustments, and product diversification to enhance competitiveness. The results indicate that applying accounting principles in business planning not only improves financial management accuracy but also supports decision-making processes for sustainable growth. The proposed business plan can serve as a practical model for similar MSMEs seeking to strengthen financial performance through structured accounting-based management.
business plan, accounting-based planning, cost analysis, financial projection, MSME profitability
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN DIGITAL PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS AND FINTECH CREDIT: RISK ANALYSIS AND REGULATION
Digital payment systems and fintech lending services in Indonesia have made shopping and borrowing easier, but they also bring new legal and security risks. This article examines the effectiveness of consumer protection regulations governing digital payments and fintech lending in Indonesia using a normative legal approach. The research examines whether existing regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law, Bank Indonesia regulations on payment systems, and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations on consumer protection in the financial sector are sufficient to address issues such as transparent fees, fair debt collection practices, misuse of personal data, and online transaction security. By examining relevant laws, policies, and principles, this study identified gaps in current regulations and examined how well consumer rights are protected in practice. The results show that while regulations have improved, their implementation remains inconsistent, particularly regarding unauthorized data use and aggressive data collection practices. The study recommends a more integrated, consumer-rights-based approach, with a focus on harmonizing regulations, improving oversight, and establishing clear accountability standards for fintech providers and digital payment platforms.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILE LEARNING-BASED INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA AS A MEANS TO DEVELOP CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE MATERIALS
Natural Science (IPA) learning at the Junior High School (SMP) level faces challenges in improving students' understanding of concepts effectively and interestingly. The use of conventional learning media is considered less able to motivate students and visualize scientific concepts optimally. In today's digital era, mobile learning (m-learning) is an innovative solution that allows the teaching and learning process to be carried out anytime and anywhere through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Mobile learning-based interactive learning media provides various features such as animations, simulations, interactive quizzes, and educational videos that are able to increase students' interest, motivation, and understanding of science materials. Based on various studies and research, it was found that the use of this media significantly improved students' learning outcomes and concept understanding compared to traditional learning methods. In addition, this media is able to provide a more enjoyable and meaningful learning experience, as well as facilitate flexible access to information and practice. The results of this study show that mobile learning-based interactive learning media is an effective alternative to support the science learning process in junior high school, as well as support the development of learning that is more innovative and relevant to today's needs.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNING READINESS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CLASS TEACHERS AND PARENTS IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE TEACHERS' PEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE
This article discusses the implementation of learning readiness communication between homeroom teachers and parents as an effort to improve teachers' pedagogical competence. This study aims to analyze the role of school-parent communication in strengthening students' learning readiness and its contribution to teachers' professional development. The method used is library research by reviewing various relevant scientific literature, including national and international journals, books, and previous research results. The results of the study indicate that effective communication between homeroom teachers and parents plays a crucial role in building students' learning readiness, increasing motivation, independence, and academic achievement. In addition, intensive interaction with parents enriches teachers' understanding of student characteristics, thus developing their pedagogical competence through the implementation of more adaptive learning strategies. The discussion also emphasizes that communication barriers, such as socioeconomic differences and limited digital literacy, need to be addressed with an inclusive and innovative approach. In conclusion, the implementation of learning readiness communication between homeroom teachers and parents is not only a means of supporting learning but also a strategic foundation for improving the quality of education. School-parent collaboration has been shown to have a positive impact on students' learning readiness while strengthening teachers' pedagogical capacity.
THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS’ ANXIETY LEVEL ON THEIR SPEAKING ABILITY OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF FKIP UIR
This research aimed to determine whether students’ anxiety levels have the influence on their speaking ability in EFL speaking class. The population of this research consisted of third semester students from the English Study Program of FKIP UIR, class A and B, with 30 students randomly selected as the sample. The research employed a descriptive quantitative design using a questionnaire and a presentation test as instruments. The questionnaire used was the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) developed by Horwitz et al. (1986), while the presentation test was assessed using a presentation rubric evaluated by two raters to ensure the reliability of the test. The results indicated a significant negative influence on students’ anxiety levels and their speaking test scores from rater 1, and rater 2. The strength of this influence was categorized as moderate, and the direction of the influence was negative, meaning that higher anxiety level were associated with lower speaking test. Furthermore, the findings revealed that most students were categorized as “Mildly Anxious” in terms of anxiety level and “Basic” in their presentation. It can be concluded that anxiety can affect students' speaking ability, especially when making presentations in front of the class. Several factors such as fear of making mistakes, being seen by many people, or being interrupted by lecturers can increase students' anxiety level.
MENTAL HEALTH PROTECTION POLICIES FOR VICTIMS OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE
This study aims to analyze the policy challenges in protecting the mental health of victims of gender-based violence in Indonesia, focusing on stigma, service accessibility, budget pressures, and institutional collaboration. The approach used was a review of legal documents, institutional reports, and scientific publications from the past five years (2019–2024). The results show that although Indonesia has a progressive legal framework, such as the Sexual Violence Crime Law, its implementation still faces significant challenges. Social stigma against victims leads to low reporting rates and reluctance to seek psychological help. Additionally, limited mental health service infrastructure at the primary level, especially at community health centers (Health Centers), restricts victims' access to proper care. Budget constraints in the mental health sector, combined with a lack of coordination between government and non-governmental organizations, worsen gaps in comprehensive protection. This study recommends strengthening related regulations, developing integrated psychosocial services, increasing the capacity of mental health professionals, and launching a national campaign to eliminate stigma against victims of violence. With strategic and collaborative efforts, policies that address the mental health needs of victims of gender-based violence can be effectively implemented.
CONSUMER PROTECTION FOR DIGITAL PRODUCTS AND CONTENT: AN IPR PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA
The development of digital technology has driven the increasingly widespread distribution of digital products and content, ranging from applications, software, music, films, and other virtual products. This situation has given rise to various new challenges in consumer protection, particularly regarding the authenticity, quality, data security, and legality of digital products. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) play a crucial role in ensuring that consumers obtain legal, safe, and standard-compliant digital products. This article analyzes the relationship between IPR and consumer protection, focusing on how IPR enforcement can prevent the spread of illegal digital products, piracy, and unlicensed content that has the potential to harm consumers. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, through a review of literature from the last 2–5 years, statutory provisions, and empirical reports on IPR violations in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the rise of pirated digital content, modified applications, and counterfeit digital goods on online platforms occurs due to weak supervision, low consumer digital literacy, and limited law enforcement. To improve consumer protection, strengthening technology-based regulations, increasing IPR literacy, optimizing digital platform oversight, and collaboration between the government, industry players, and the public are needed. This effort is expected to create a safer, fairer digital ecosystem, providing legal certainty for both consumers and rights holders.
DIGITAL CONSUMER PROTECTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW
The development of digital technology has expanded the scope of transactions in society through e-commerce, digital financial services, and online applications. These changes have not only provided convenience, but also given rise to new forms of vulnerability such as misuse of personal data, cyber fraud, and information imbalance between businesses and consumers (OECD, 20211; UNCTAD, 20202). This study examines how Indonesia's legal framework, including the UUPK, ITE Law, and PDP Law, responds to these phenomena using a normative legal research approach (Marzuki, 20173). The findings show that although the basis for protection is available, its effectiveness is still limited by low digital literacy, regulatory disharmony, and weak supervision and law enforcement (BPKN RI, 2021)4. This study emphasises the need for harmonisation of regulations, increased digital education for consumers, and optimisation of electronic dispute resolution mechanisms.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS OF NON-STANDART PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze legal protection for consumers against the distribution of cosmetic products that do not meet safety and quality standards in Indonesia using a normative legal research method based on literature studies. Through a review of various journals, BPOM reports, and related regulations, this study found that the development of digital commerce has accelerated the spread of illegal cosmetics, including products that do not have BPOM distribution permits, contain hazardous ingredients, and make exaggerated claims without scientific basis. The literature shows that weak pre- and post-product supervision in the digital space, regulatory loopholes related to marketplace responsibility, and low consumer literacy are the main factors contributing to the increased circulation of substandard products. Although legal frameworks such as the Consumer Protection Law and BPOM regulations have regulated product safety aspects, their implementation is still ineffective in dealing with the dynamics of digital commerce. This study emphasizes the importance of more adaptive regulatory reform through strengthening digital product verification, increasing marketplace obligations, and developing an integrated monitoring system to prevent the circulation of dangerous cosmetics. In addition, improving consumer education is an important element in strengthening comprehensive legal protection.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTHY PRODUCT CLAIMS MISLEADING IN THE BAKE N GRIND CASE IN BALI
Misleading health product claims on food labels are a crucial issue in consumer protection in Indonesia. This study analyzes the Bake n Grind case as a concrete example, examining the national legal framework, enforcement effectiveness, and regulatory challenges. Using a juridical-normative approach with a literature review approach, this article examines the implementation of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Government Regulation Number 69 of 1999 concerning Food Labels and Advertisements, as well as other related regulations. The analysis reveals weak law enforcement, low consumer awareness, and the need for regulatory reform to prevent the practice of misleading claims. Policy recommendations focus on strengthening supervision, consumer education, and harmonizing digital regulations.
RUG PULLS : CLASSIFYING NFT SCAMS AND THE REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS NEEDED IN INDONESIA
The phenomenon of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) trading has grown rapidly and has emerged as a promising new digital economic instrument. However, this development is accompanied by an increasing prevalence of scams within the NFT ecosystem, such as rug pulls, phishing, replay attacks, and falsified copyright claims over digital works. Indonesia currently lacks a regulatory framework that specifically governs NFT transactions or provides legal protection for consumers participating in them. This study aims to classify the various forms of NFT scams based on their juridical and technological characteristics, and to assess the adequacy of existing legal instruments in Indonesia, including criminal fraud provisions, consumer protection laws, electronic transaction regulations, and intellectual property rights. The research employs normative legal methods, focusing on statutory and conceptual approaches, as well as an examination of global practices in digital asset regulation. The analysis reveals a regulatory gap, particularly concerning marketplace liability, smart contract due diligence mechanisms, and cross-jurisdictional law enforcement. Therefore, the establishment of a specific regulatory framework that is risk-based, technologically adaptive, and oriented toward digital consumer protection is necessary.
THE URGENCY OF STRENGTHENING CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE FACE OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in transaction patterns and relationships between consumers and businesses. This progress has facilitated access to information and encouraged economic growth, but at the same time it has increased the risk of digital fraud, compromised personal data protection, reduced business transparency, and weakened legal protection for consumers. Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection is considered unable to respond to the challenges of the digital era, mainly due to ineffective supervision, sanctions against business actors, and low public awareness of consumer rights. This study uses a literature review method using relevant national and international journals to identify challenges in digital consumer protection and strategies to strengthen it. The results of the study show that strengthening digital consumer protection needs to be done through regulation, alignment with electronic transactions, implementation of an Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) system, improvement of digital literacy among the public, and optimization of supervisory agencies. With these steps, the consumer protection ecosystem in Indonesia is expected to be able to adapt to technological developments and minimize the risks experienced by the public.
FISCAL DEPENDENCE AND CHALLENGES TO REGIONAL AUTONOMY: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION IN INDONESIA
This study critically examines fiscal dependency and regional autonomy within Indonesia’s fiscal decentralization framework, focusing on developments from 2020 to 2025 and the implications of Law No. 1 of 2022. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative analysis of regional fiscal data with qualitative insights from interviews with policymakers and financial officials. Findings reveal that despite regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing local revenue generation and fiscal autonomy, most regions remain heavily reliant on central government transfers, with local revenues contributing a limited share of regional budgets. Key factors sustaining this dependency include structural economic disparities, administrative capacity constraints, regulatory complexities, and uneven adoption of digital financial management systems. The study highlights that while progressive regions demonstrate innovation and improved fiscal performance, many others face significant challenges in adapting to new fiscal policies and technologies. This research contributes to the broader discourse on fiscal federalism by integrating the role of digital transformation in regional financial management and providing evidence-based recommendations. These include strengthening local economic bases, fostering institutional capacity, improving policy coherence, and accelerating digitalization efforts. The findings have important implications for policymakers seeking to enhance fiscal decentralization outcomes and for scholars interested in the dynamics of subnational fiscal governance in developing countries.
THE EFFECT OF DATE JUICE ADMINISTRATION ON CHANGES IN HAEMOGLOBIN LEVELS
Iron insufficiency, primarily caused by insufficient dietary intake, accounts for approximately 95% of anemia cases during pregnancy. To address anemia, pregnant individuals typically resort to consuming iron supplements (Fe) provided by healthcare professionals. The consumption of date juice as a preventative measure for anemia in pregnancy has not been previously observed. This research was undertaken to ascertain the impact of date juice consumption on the hemoglobin (Hb) levels of pregnant women. This study was conducted between October and December 2024. A pre-experimental design, specifically a one-group pretest-posttest approach, was employed. The study involved a sample of 32 pregnant women from a Pregnant Women Class, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was performed using observation sheets. The analysis of the collected data was carried out using the t-test. The study's findings indicated that pregnant women exhibited an average hemoglobin (Hb) level of 10.3125 gr% prior to consuming date juice, classifying them with mild anemia. Following the consumption of date juice, their average Hb level rose to 12.6406 gr%, falling within the normal range. Statistical analysis, specifically a t-test, demonstrated a P Value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, thereby indicating a statistically significant effect of date juice on the changes in Hb levels among anemic pregnant women. The nutritional richness of dates contributes to an accelerated increase in hemoglobin levels, as they are readily assimilated by the body. The protein, carbohydrate, and fat components present in dates are instrumental in supporting the synthesis of hemoglobin.
ACCOUNTABILITY OF HEALTH WORKERS AND HOSPITALS IN MEDICAL DISPUTES BASED ON LAW NUMBER 17 OF 2023 CONCERNING HEALTH
This study discusses the accountability of health workers and hospitals in medical disputes based on Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The focus of the research is directed at setting norms related to the limits of professional responsibility, institutional obligations of hospitals, as well as medical dispute resolution mechanisms that include mediation, administrative settlement, and judicial channels. The research uses normative juridical methods through the analysis of laws and regulations, doctrines, and related literature to identify legal constructions that govern the protection of patients and health workers. The results of the study show that there is a strengthening of professional standards, patient safety systems, and the governance of health institutions that function as the foundation of legal accountability. The regulatory structure in Law No. 17 of 2023 creates a balance between legal certainty for health workers and the protection of patients' rights, accompanied by improving the quality of documentation, transparency of information, and improving the health service management system. This new norm shows the direction of national health law reform that is more accountable and adaptive to the needs of modern medical services.
LEGAL REVIEW OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS’ RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF CIRCUMCISION PATIENTS’ MEDICAL RECORDS
The management and confidentiality of medical records constitute a fundamental aspect of legal and ethical responsibility in healthcare services. However, in practice, many healthcare facilities in Indonesia still face challenges in implementing proper medical record management, particularly in circumcision (sirkumsisi) services, where documentation accuracy and patient confidentiality are often neglected. This research aims to examine the legal responsibility of healthcare workers in managing and maintaining the confidentiality of circumcision medical records based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022 on Medical Records and Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. The study employs a juridical-normative research design, focusing on the analysis of statutory regulations, legal principles, and doctrinal interpretations related to healthcare law. The population includes all national legal instruments and academic literature concerning medical record management, while the sample consists of selected legal documents, ministerial regulations, and scholarly articles relevant to the topic. Data were collected through literature study and analyzed using qualitative descriptive and content analysis techniques, allowing interpretation of the coherence between legal norms and professional obligations. The results reveal that although the existing legal framework clearly regulates medical record management and confidentiality, there remains a gap between normative obligations and practical implementation, largely due to weak supervision and insufficient legal awareness among healthcare workers. The study recommends enhancing legal education, institutional supervision, and ethical compliance to strengthen the accountability and confidentiality standards of medical record management, particularly in circumcision services, ensuring better patient protection and institutional integrity.
INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN VIOLENCE AGAINST HEALTHCARE WORKERS: A LEGAL ANALYSIS
This study aims to analyze institutional accountability in handling violence against health workers through a study of the legal framework, the implementation of protection in health facilities, and the gap between norms and practices. The research approach uses normative legal methods with analysis of relevant laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and literature, and supported by evaluation of institutional practices based on secondary data. The results showed that forms of violence against health workers include verbal, physical, threat, and aggressive actions triggered by various factors, while the implementation of protection through security SOPs, internal supervision, and reporting systems has not been uniform between institutions. The evaluation revealed that there was a discrepancy between normative provisions and the reality of the field, especially in the aspects of reporting, incident handling, and coordination with law enforcement officials. The conclusion of the study emphasized that institutional accountability plays an important role in ensuring the protection of health workers, but its effectiveness is greatly influenced by the consistency of policy implementation, the readiness of security facilities, and management's commitment in carrying out the legal mandate as a whole.
LEGAL REVIEW OF ACCREDITATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE FACILITY COMPLIANCE
The research aims to review the legal provisions that govern the accreditation of health service facilities and analyze their influence on the compliance behavior of facilities in meeting service standards. The research method used is normative legal research through the analysis of laws and regulations, doctrines, and related legal sources, supported by literature studies that examine official documents, scientific journals, and accreditation regulations, while the data is analyzed qualitatively through a descriptive-analytical approach to understand the application of legal norms and their implications on the compliance of health facilities. The results of the study show that legal provisions regarding accreditation are comprehensively regulated through the Minister of Health Regulation and official standards that stipulate accreditation as the obligation of every health facility to ensure the quality and safety of patients, including as a condition of cooperation with BPJS Kesehatan. The arrangement encourages facilities to streamline service management, strengthen the implementation of procedures, and improve compliance with operational standards. However, the implementation of accreditation still faces significant obstacles in the form of limited human resources, lack of training, infrastructure that does not meet standards, weak internal coordination, high workload, budget limitations, and lack of local government support. These factors affect the quality of accreditation preparation and cause some facilities to only meet standards administratively without substantive changes. Accreditation still has a positive impact in the form of increasing awareness of patient safety, strengthening a culture of quality, and improving compliance behavior, but its effectiveness depends on the facility's ability to maintain consistent and sustainable implementation of standards.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SAFETY FOR RETAIL
The purpose of food safety is a task and obligation for all of us, especially for retailers, producers and BPOM in protecting consumer safety, namely preventing food from biological and physical contamination that can endanger human health. Food safety problems that are still widely found in Indonesia, such as the circulation of food products that do not meet health standards and requirements. Namely, the presence of contamination from biological contamination must be resolved so as not to interfere with consumer health. For this reason, there needs to be a regulation from the government to regulate consumer protection so that consumers feel safe in consuming healthy, hygienic and halal food according to health standards.
DISASTER MITIGATION GOVERNANCE TO MAINTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY BASED ON CO - SERVICE BY NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS: A STUDY OF THE MUHAMMADIYAH DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE (MDMC) IN WATULIMO SUB DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Environmental sustainability in disaster-prone regions requires measurable community resilience, and this study quantitatively examines the role of the Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Centre in supporting environmental sustainability through disaster mitigation in Watulimo District. A survey method with a structured questionnaire was distributed to community members, volunteers, and local stakeholders, producing 120 valid responses. The instrument measured perceptions of environmental awareness, mitigation readiness, and the effectiveness of MDMC interventions using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation tests to identify the relationship between MDMC activities and indicators of environmental sustainability. The results show that MDMC programs significantly contribute to environmental sustainability, with high mean scores in environmental education (M=4.21), community preparedness (M=4.08), and ecological risk reduction (M=4.15). Correlation analysis indicates a positive and significant relationship (r=0.62, p<0.01) between MDMC mitigation efforts and community-based environmental resilience. These findings suggest that the Centre’s interventions play a measurable role in strengthening sustainability outcomes, although resource limitations and uneven environmental literacy remain challenges. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence of MDMC’s contribution to environmental sustainability in Watulimo District.
CULTURAL-BASED PEDAGOGY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: THE CASE OF BANTEN LOCAL WISDOM IN E-MODULE DEVELOPMENT
This study aims to explore the concept and theoretical foundation of cultural-based pedagogy in English language learning through the lens of Banten local wisdom, emphasizing its potential for integration into e-module development. The research employs a library research (literature review) methodology, which involves a comprehensive and systematic analysis of scholarly works, journal articles, books, and previous studies related to culture-based learning, local wisdom, and digital pedagogy. The collected data were critically analyzed through content analysis to identify theoretical patterns, pedagogical implications, and cultural relevance in English language teaching. The theoretical framework is grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which posits that learning is mediated through cultural and social interactions, and Byram’s model of intercultural communicative competence, which highlights the role of learners’ cultural identity in developing linguistic and intercultural abilities. Supporting literature (Gay, 2018; Kramsch, 1993; Liddicoat & Scarino, 2013) reveals that embedding local culture in language learning materials enhances learners’ engagement, motivation, and contextual understanding. In the context of Banten, integrating cultural elements such as traditional folklore, proverbs, ceremonies, and historical heritage into digital e-modules provides an authentic learning experience aligned with students’ sociocultural realities. The findings of this literature-based analysis demonstrate that cultural-based pedagogy serves as an effective framework for developing contextualized and meaningful English language learning materials. Incorporating Banten local wisdom within e-modules not only strengthens linguistic competence but also fosters intercultural awareness, character education, and national identity preservation. The study concludes that the synthesis of culture, technology, and language pedagogy can form the basis for designing innovative and sustainable English learning resources relevant to Indonesia’s multicultural educational context.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMIC ERA OF TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA
The current era of the digital economy has required business people business activities online. The Indonesian government must be able to guarantee and maintain online trust, namely if it wants to develop and enter the digital economy. This research uses a type of juridical-normative research. At the same time, there is also a need for stricter protection of privacy and personal data. This article, using normative or dogmatic juridical methods, discusses the issue of how Indonesian law should provide protection for privacy and personal data. In reality, Indonesia has privacy and personal data protection regulations that are spread across various laws and regulations and these provisions are not enough to encourage the development of Indonesia’s digital economy. Apart from that, until now there is still uncertainty regarding the protection of privacy and personal data, because Indonesia does not yet have legal instruments that are suitable for the digital era. The author’s view is that a legal instrument for the protection of privacy and personal data in the digital economy era must at least meet 3 criteria: (1) have an international character; (2) protect privacy and personal data as a positive right; and (3) is an element that binds individuals and economic society. Apart from that, it is a form of responding to the challenges of the times which have changed the direction of the economy and business towards digitalization. Of course, the government and business actors must work together to achieve the goal of good and healthy business competition
THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING INNOVATION IN STRENGTHENING LOCAL DIGITAL PRINTING ENTERPRISES: A MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
This research explores the integrative role of strategic management and marketing innovation in building the sustainability and competitive advantage of local digital printing enterprises in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the study investigates how strategic orientation, innovation capabilities, and adaptive leadership foster sustainable growth in a rapidly digitalized environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis across selected digital printing enterprises located in South Kalimantan. The findings indicate that enterprises that align strategic management with innovative marketing approaches achieve higher performance through better customer engagement, operational agility, and technological adaptation. The study contributes a conceptual model linking strategic alignment, innovation capability, and sustainable competitive advantage. Theoretically, it extends the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory by emphasizing how micro-level entrepreneurial behavior can shape macro-level sustainability outcomes. Practically, it offers insights into managerial approaches that local entrepreneurs can use to remain relevant in a highly competitive market.
PHONOLOGYCAL AND LEXICAL DIFFERENCES IN PULAU LAYANG, RANTAU ALAY, AND SALAM BUKU VILLAGES
This study investigates the dialectal variations within the Jambi Malay language as spoken in three villages: Pulau Layang, Rantau Alai, and Salam Buku, all located in the Batang Masumai Sub-district of Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. Data were collected using a Swadesh list consisting of 200 basic vocabularies. The theoretical framework guiding this study is rooted in the field of dialectology The results reveal that the dialects spoken in Pulau Layang, Rantau Alai, and Salam Buku are highly similar overall, suggesting that they likely belong to a single dialect cluster within the Jambi Malay language. However, the data also reveal clear and consistent differences, especially at the phonological and lexical levels, which indicate localized linguistic shifts influenced by geography, social interaction, or historical migration patterns. From the analysis of the 200 vocabulary items: 113 items were identified as cognates, 77 items exhibited phonological differences, 30 items showed lexical differences These findings suggest that while the dialects are mutually intelligible and share a strong common linguistic foundation, there are distinctive features that differentiate one village from another. These features are important markers of regional identity and demonstrate the dynamic nature of language change even within a relatively small geographical area.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA LITERACY AN D TUBERCULOSIS HEALTH LITERACY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL PLS-SEM ANALYSIS IN SURAKARTA CITY AND KARANGANYAR REGENCY, INDONESIA
Despite persistent inequities in access to health information, the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia remains considerable. This study aimed to examine the influence of media literacy (ML) on health literacy (HL) related to TB prevention among rural and urban populations. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 325 adults (110 males and 215 females) in Central Java, comprising 170 rural and 155 urban participants selected through a two-stage random sampling approach, with purposive site selection based on stratified random criteria. ML was assessed using the UNESCO framework for Media and Information Literacy, while HL was measured with the HLS-EU-Q instrument. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) to explore rural–urban differences. The average HL score ranged from 24.4 to 24.8 (inadequate), while ML ranged from 25.1 to 25.3 (problematic). ML exerted a significant direct effect on HL (β = 0.43, p < 0.001), explaining 20% of its variance (R² = 0.20). The model demonstrated an acceptable fit (SRMR = 0.058), and no significant rural–urban differences were identified (Δβ = 0.05, p = 0.616), indicating structural invariance. These results suggest that strengthening ML enhances individuals’ capacity to access, evaluate, and utilize TB-related information effectively across diverse contexts. Media literacy constitutes a critical determinant of health literacy across geographical settings. Incorporating ML training into community health worker education, digital health interventions, and validated media content could promote equitable health communication and reinforce TB prevention outcomes in Indonesia.
PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION AND PROCESS CHALLENGES IN APPLYING ACTIVATED CARBON, ZIF-67, AND AC/ZIF-67 COMPOSITE CATALYSTS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Heterogeneous catalysts such as activated carbon, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and their composites have been increasingly explored for biodiesel production due to their potential reusability and ease of separation. However, the practical performance of these catalysts in palm-oil transesterification often deviates significantly from theoretical expectations, especially in early-stage laboratory trials. This study provides a descriptive account of the initial experimental attempts using three catalysts—activated carbon (AC), ZIF-67, and an AC/ZIF-67 composite—under controlled transesterification conditions. Although no distinct biodiesel–glycerol phase separation was achieved, valuable insights were obtained regarding catalyst dispersion, reaction stability, and emulsion formation. Several factors contributed to the unsuccessful conversion, including incomplete catalyst activation, limited methanol–oil interaction, strong emulsion formation, and mass-transfer resistance. The observations are discussed in light of known mechanistic behavior of solid catalysts in biodiesel systems. A roadmap for improving catalyst activation, operating parameters, and experimental workflow is proposed to guide future work. This contribution highlights the importance of understanding early-stage experimental challenges, especially when novel porous catalysts are introduced to complex liquid–solid reaction systems.
THE FUTURE OF BANKING IN THE TECHNOLOGY ERA: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS
This research analyzes the impact of flexible regulations and technology adoption on the competitiveness of Islamic banks in the digital era. With a qualitative approach, this research assesses the importance of adaptive regulations and the adoption of technologies such as fintech and blockchain in enhancing operational efficiency and Sharia compliance. The results show that flexible regulations and the application of digital technology can drive innovation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance customer satisfaction in Islamic banking. These findings contribute novelty by linking regulation, technology, and competitiveness in the context of the digital transformation of Islamic banking.
FIRM PERFORMANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ON STOCK PRICES: INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET AS A MODERATION
This study aims to analyze the effect of Firm Performance and Environmental Performance on stock prices with Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) as a moderating variable in consumer non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021–2024 period. This research uses secondary data in the form of financial statements, annual reports, and sustainability reports, with a total sample of 28 companies selected through purposive sampling. The analytical methods employed are multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that Firm Performance has a positive but insignificant effect on stock prices, while Environmental Performance also has no significant effect. In addition, IOS is unable to moderate the effect of either Firm Performance or Environmental Performance on stock prices. These findings indicate that firm performance, Environmental Performance, and investment opportunity set have not yet become key considerations for investors in assessing stock prices within the consumer non-cyclical sector in Indonesia.