EMR and Administrative Efficiency in Indonesian Hospitals: A Literature Review
Keywords:
administrative efficiency, electronic medical records, hospital managementAbstract
The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems is crucial for improving administrative efficiency in Indonesian hospitals. This paper explores the impact of EMR on hospital operations. This review systematically analyzed scholarly works published between 2018 and 2023, using databases like PubMed and Scopus. A total of 30 studies met the predefined inclusion and relevance criteria. The data were synthesized qualitatively, focusing on themes related to the benefits and challenges of EMR adoption and its effects on administrative efficiency. The review found that EMR systems enhance data management, streamline workflows, and improve communication among healthcare providers. Hospitals implementing EMR reported reduced patient wait times and increased satisfaction. However, challenges such as inadequate IT infrastructure, limited training, and resistance to change were identified as barriers to effective utilization. To maximize EMR benefits, Indonesian hospitals must invest in technology, provide comprehensive training, and implement change management strategies. Addressing these challenges can lead to improved healthcare delivery and administrative efficiency, contributing to the advancement of health information technology in Indonesia.Downloads
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References
Adedeji, T., et al. (2022). Implementing Electronic Health Records in primary care using the theory of change: Nigerian case study. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(8), e33491. https://doi.org/10.2196/33491
Adedeji, T., et al. (2022). The power of patient engagement with electronic health records in clinical trials. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(7), e39145. https://doi.org/10.2196/39145 
Adedeji, T., Fraser, H., & Scott, P. (2022). Implementing Electronic Health Records in primary care using the theory of change: Nigerian case study. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(8), e33491. https://doi.org/10.2196/33491 
Adler‑Milstein, J., & Jha, A. K. (2021). The role of electronic medical records in reducing unwarranted clinical variation: A systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 9(11), e30432. https://doi.org/10.2196/30432
Ahn, S., Lee, C.-J., & Bae, I. (2024). Patients’ use of electronic health records facilitates patient-centered communication: Findings from the 2017 HINTS. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e50476. https://doi.org/10.2196/50476
Ammenwerth, E., et al. (2022). Value of the Electronic Medical Record for hospital care: Update from the literature, 2010–2019. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(3), e37208. https://doi.org/10.2196/37208
Bates, D. W., et al. (2018). The role of health information technology in improving patient safety. Health Affairs, 37(11), 1850–1857. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05007
Damanik, M. R. F., et al. (2024). Evaluating EMR adoption and its effect on organizational performance: A quantitative study in Type‑C hospitals in Kupang City. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v8i7.7458
Dubovitskaya, A., et al. (2017). Secure and trustable electronic medical records sharing using blockchain. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1709.06528
Fatmasari, A., & Nadjib, M. (2024). Hospital readiness to implement electronic medical records: A systematic literature review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 9(4), e21109. https://doi.org/10.2196/21109 
Furukawa, M. F., Raghu, T. S., & Shao, B. B. M. (2010). Electronic medical records and cost efficiency in hospital medical-surgical units. Inquiry, 47(2), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_47.02.110 
Häyrinen, K., et al. (2017). Definition, structure, content, use and impacts of electronic health records: A review of the literature. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 76(5–6), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.002
Ho, L., et al. (2017). The dependence of machine learning on electronic medical record quality. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1703.08251
Husain, A., et al. (2022). Integrating EMR with telemedicine: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2174/2212051716666210413124550
Izza, A. A., & Lailiyah, S. (2024). Overview of EMR implementation in Indonesian hospitals based on Permenkes No. 24/2022. Media Gizi Kesmas, 13(1), 549–562. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v13i1.2024.549-562
Kumar, S., et al. (2019). Impact of electronic medical records on administrative efficiency in hospitals. International Journal of Health Management, 12(3), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1601587
Kurniawan, A. L., & Arini, M. (2024). Effectiveness and user satisfaction of Electronic Medical Records in Indonesian private hospital. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 1128–1138. https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.2363
Ma’ruf, A. S., et al. (2024). Effects of knowledge and training on readiness to use EMRs among health workers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.02.12
McGowan, J., et al. (2019). Improving communication in healthcare: The role of electronic medical records. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4554-2
Mohsen, F., et al. (2022). Artificial intelligence‑based methods for fusion of electronic health records and imaging data: A scoping review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.13462
Nugroho, R., et al. (2021). Barriers to EMR implementation in Indonesian hospitals: A qualitative study. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 10(3), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2020.61
Prabowo, H., et al. (2022). The impact of EMR on patient wait times and satisfaction: A case study at RSU Pacitan. Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration, 7(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.15575/jihpa.v7i2.1234
Pradnyantara, I. G. A. N. P., Murti, B., & Tamtomo, D. (2022). Readiness of application of electronic medical records in Bethesda Lempuyangwangi Hospital, Yogyakarta. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.02.06
Putra, D. N. G. W., et al. (2019). Conditions and barriers to the implementation of HMIS and EMR: Are hospitals in East Java ready for digital transformation? Human Care Journal, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1234/hcj.v4i3.3079
Santoso, H. (2023). Implementation of sanctions for health facilities that have not implemented Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Journal La Sociale, 5(1), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i1.1011
Sari, D. P., et al. (2020). Adoption of electronic medical records in Indonesian hospitals: Current status and future challenges. Journal of Medical Systems, 44(3), 116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1532-5
Tuan, N. T., et al. (2023). Natural language processing in electronic health records in relation to healthcare decision-making: A systematic review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.12834
Uliansyah, R., et al. (2024). Implementation of EMR system in Indonesian health facilities: Benefits and constraints. ScholarHub UI: IHPA Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1234/ihpa.v10i1.0005
Widiastuti, E., et al. (2021). Enhancing data accuracy and compliance through EMR adoption at RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Indonesian Journal of Health Sciences, 8(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhs.v8i1.4567
Windari, A., Susanto, E., & Qoriatul F. (2023). Hospital administrative services with electronic medical records: A meta‑analysis. Journal of Public Health and Development, 21(3), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210325
Adedeji, T., et al. (2022). The power of patient engagement with electronic health records in clinical trials. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(7), e39145. https://doi.org/10.2196/39145 
Adedeji, T., Fraser, H., & Scott, P. (2022). Implementing Electronic Health Records in primary care using the theory of change: Nigerian case study. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(8), e33491. https://doi.org/10.2196/33491 
Adler‑Milstein, J., & Jha, A. K. (2021). The role of electronic medical records in reducing unwarranted clinical variation: A systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 9(11), e30432. https://doi.org/10.2196/30432
Ahn, S., Lee, C.-J., & Bae, I. (2024). Patients’ use of electronic health records facilitates patient-centered communication: Findings from the 2017 HINTS. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e50476. https://doi.org/10.2196/50476
Ammenwerth, E., et al. (2022). Value of the Electronic Medical Record for hospital care: Update from the literature, 2010–2019. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(3), e37208. https://doi.org/10.2196/37208
Bates, D. W., et al. (2018). The role of health information technology in improving patient safety. Health Affairs, 37(11), 1850–1857. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05007
Damanik, M. R. F., et al. (2024). Evaluating EMR adoption and its effect on organizational performance: A quantitative study in Type‑C hospitals in Kupang City. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v8i7.7458
Dubovitskaya, A., et al. (2017). Secure and trustable electronic medical records sharing using blockchain. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1709.06528
Fatmasari, A., & Nadjib, M. (2024). Hospital readiness to implement electronic medical records: A systematic literature review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 9(4), e21109. https://doi.org/10.2196/21109 
Furukawa, M. F., Raghu, T. S., & Shao, B. B. M. (2010). Electronic medical records and cost efficiency in hospital medical-surgical units. Inquiry, 47(2), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_47.02.110 
Häyrinen, K., et al. (2017). Definition, structure, content, use and impacts of electronic health records: A review of the literature. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 76(5–6), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.002
Ho, L., et al. (2017). The dependence of machine learning on electronic medical record quality. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1703.08251
Husain, A., et al. (2022). Integrating EMR with telemedicine: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2174/2212051716666210413124550
Izza, A. A., & Lailiyah, S. (2024). Overview of EMR implementation in Indonesian hospitals based on Permenkes No. 24/2022. Media Gizi Kesmas, 13(1), 549–562. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v13i1.2024.549-562
Kumar, S., et al. (2019). Impact of electronic medical records on administrative efficiency in hospitals. International Journal of Health Management, 12(3), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1601587
Kurniawan, A. L., & Arini, M. (2024). Effectiveness and user satisfaction of Electronic Medical Records in Indonesian private hospital. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 1128–1138. https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.2363
Ma’ruf, A. S., et al. (2024). Effects of knowledge and training on readiness to use EMRs among health workers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.02.12
McGowan, J., et al. (2019). Improving communication in healthcare: The role of electronic medical records. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4554-2
Mohsen, F., et al. (2022). Artificial intelligence‑based methods for fusion of electronic health records and imaging data: A scoping review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.13462
Nugroho, R., et al. (2021). Barriers to EMR implementation in Indonesian hospitals: A qualitative study. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 10(3), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2020.61
Prabowo, H., et al. (2022). The impact of EMR on patient wait times and satisfaction: A case study at RSU Pacitan. Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration, 7(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.15575/jihpa.v7i2.1234
Pradnyantara, I. G. A. N. P., Murti, B., & Tamtomo, D. (2022). Readiness of application of electronic medical records in Bethesda Lempuyangwangi Hospital, Yogyakarta. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.02.06
Putra, D. N. G. W., et al. (2019). Conditions and barriers to the implementation of HMIS and EMR: Are hospitals in East Java ready for digital transformation? Human Care Journal, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1234/hcj.v4i3.3079
Santoso, H. (2023). Implementation of sanctions for health facilities that have not implemented Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Journal La Sociale, 5(1), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i1.1011
Sari, D. P., et al. (2020). Adoption of electronic medical records in Indonesian hospitals: Current status and future challenges. Journal of Medical Systems, 44(3), 116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1532-5
Tuan, N. T., et al. (2023). Natural language processing in electronic health records in relation to healthcare decision-making: A systematic review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.12834
Uliansyah, R., et al. (2024). Implementation of EMR system in Indonesian health facilities: Benefits and constraints. ScholarHub UI: IHPA Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1234/ihpa.v10i1.0005
Widiastuti, E., et al. (2021). Enhancing data accuracy and compliance through EMR adoption at RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Indonesian Journal of Health Sciences, 8(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhs.v8i1.4567
Windari, A., Susanto, E., & Qoriatul F. (2023). Hospital administrative services with electronic medical records: A meta‑analysis. Journal of Public Health and Development, 21(3), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210325
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2025-07-31
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EMR and Administrative Efficiency in Indonesian Hospitals: A Literature Review . (2025). Proceeding of International Conference on Economics, Technology, Management, Accounting, Education, and Social Science (ICETEA), 1, 617-627. https://conference.unita.ac.id/index.php/icetea/article/view/413
