The Role of Tutors as Learning Facilitators with a Psychosocial Approach Based on Character Education in PKBM Lingkaran
Keywords:
Character Education, Learning Facilitator, Non-Formal Education, Psychosocial Approach, Tutor RoleAbstract
This study aims to explore the role of tutors as learning facilitators with a psychosocial approach based on character education in the Circle Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM). The background of this research is based on the high dropout rate and the importance of non-formal education that is responsive to the psychosocial needs and character of learning citizens. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, and data is collected through in- depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies of tutors, students, and PKBM managers. The results of the study show that tutors play a role not only as material presenters, but also as mentors, motivators, and role models in building character values such as discipline, responsibility, and cooperation. Tutors are also able to flexibly adjust learning strategies according to the heterogeneous backgrounds and needs of students. Institutional support and the use of contextual psychosocial approaches also strengthen an inclusive and empowering learning process. This study recommends strengthening the capacity of tutors through character-based and psychosocial training to improve the quality of adaptive and transformative non-formal education.Downloads
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References
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Zaifullah, Hairuddin Cikka, M. Iksan Kahar, M. Jen Ismail, & Iskadar. (2023). The Role of Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) in the Implementation of Non-Formal Education in the Society 5.0 Era. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(2), 14539–14549. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/2089
Ade Sastrawijaya, Endang Pujiastuti, Lisyanti, Sadiah Maemuna, & Sanudin. (2023). Preparation of an Operational Curriculum for Equality Education Based on Local Wisdom in PKBM. Journal of Citizenship, 7(2), 1966–1982. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/pkn/article/view/5575/3275
Adolphs, R. (2020). Social cognition. In R. Adolphs & D. T. Rudrauf (Eds.), Handbook of Social Neuroscience. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0-12-813019-5.00001-0
Agustini, N. L. P. R. E. (2021). Character Education for Children in Indonesia. Journal of Educational Study, 1(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v1i2.158
Ariq Rahmanianto, Dayat Hidayat, & Tika Santika. (2021). CHARACTER EDUCATION LEARNING FOR RESIDENTS LEARNING PACKAGE C AT PKBM
ADITYA KARAWANG. Journal Of Community Education, 2(2), 1–5. https://journal.unsika.ac.id/joce/article/view/4106/3044
Aspinwall, L. G., & Pengchit, W. (2020). Positive Psychology. In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1713–1720). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_612
Central Statistics Agency. (2023). Indonesian Education Statistics 2023. Jakarta: BPS.
https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/11/24/54557f7c1bd32f187f 3cdab5/statistik-pendidikan-2023.html
Bagus Fikri, & Rivo Nugroho. (2025). Pedagogic Competence of Tutors in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Package A Equality Education at PKBM Insan Cerdas Indonesia. J+PLUS: Journal of Out-of- School Education Students, 14(2), 48–61. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan-luar- sekolah/article/view/69065/50488
Bintang R. Simbolon. (2024). Character Formation Through Education: A Review of Educational Philosophy on Values and Virtue. 6(1). https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kp/article/view/37887/11291
Dadan Darmawan, & Ila Rosmilawati. (2020). STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH HABITUATION ACTIVITIES IN THE PACKAGE C PROGRAM AT THE STATE PKBM INSTITUTION 21 TEBET TIMUR JAKARTA.
Journal of the Existence of Out-of-School Education, 5(1), 104–112. https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/E-Plus/article/view/8098/5444
Directorate of Community Education and Special Education. (2024). Statistics of Community Education Dikmas in 2023-2024. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture. https://data.kemendikdasmen.go.id/publikasi/p/pauddasmen-buku- statistik/statistik-pendidikan-masyarakat-dikmas-tahun-2023-2024
Fadhillatie Azizah, D., & Marzuki, M. (2021). Strengthening Disciplined Character Education in Modern Islamic Boarding School Assalaam Surakarta During The Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(10), 426. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.3094
Hidayati, N., Mustofa, Z., & Basri, H. (2025). UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF EQUALITY EDUCATION IN VILLAGE COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT: PKBM RUMAH PINTAR KARANGHARJO SILO JEMBER. SRODJA: Sroedji
Journal Administration, 2(1), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.70079/srodja.v2i1.51
Holmqvist, M. (2020). Psychological disorders. In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1761–1763). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1173
Iyosri Sushana Purba, Hepy Tri Winarti, & A. Ismail Lukman. (2023). The Role of Tutors in Increasing Learning Motivation in the Package C Equality Program at Pkbm Mahakam JayaA. Learning Society: Journal of CSR, Education, and Community EmpowermentJournal of the Community Education Study Program, 4(2), 333–340. https://jurnal.fkip.unmul.ac.id/index.php/ls/article/view/3458/1625
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2013). Permendikbud Number 81 of 2013 concerning Equality Education. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture. https://pelayanan.jakarta.go.id/download/regulasi/permendikbud- nomor-81-tahun-2013-tentang-pendirian-satuan-pendidikan- nonformal.pdf.
Kilana Sari Sukma Brawijaya, & Soedjarwo. (2022). The Role of Tutors in Increasing the Learning Motivation of Students of the Package C Chase Program at PKBM Ki Hajar Dewanatoro, Blongko Village, Ngetos District, Nganjuk Regency. J+PLUS: Journal of Out-of-School Education Students, 11(1), 11–22. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan- luar-sekolah/article/view/44777/37977
Komalawati, K., & Silalahi, S. (2024). Student Character Education: An Axiology of Moral Philosophy. Untirta Civic Education Journal, 9(2), 78. https://doi.org/10.30870/ucej.v9i2.31663
Kox, J. H. A. M., Groenewoud, J. H., Bakker, E. J. M., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M. A., Runhaar, J., Miedema, H. S., & Roelofs, P. D. D. M. (2020). Reasons why Dutch novice nurses leave nursing: A qualitative approach. Nurse Education in Practice, 47, 102848.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102848
Märtsin, M. (2020). Psychology: a Discipline in Need of Reflective Foundations. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 54(3), 694–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-020-09552-1
Ni Luh Drajati Ekaningtyas. (2020). Teacher's Method in Stimulating Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood. Journal of Early Childhood Education Undiksha, 8(1), 10–18. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJPAUD/article/view/23982/1 4893
O'Leary, Z. (2021). The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project (4th ed.).
SAGE
Publications.https://books.google.co.id/books/about/The_Essential_Gui de_to_Doing_Your_Resear.html?id=N6vLzQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood,
K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–
544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Paperity. (2024). Character Education in Indonesia in Various Perspectives. https://paperity.org/p/360518651
Purba, F. J. (2020). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ROLE OF TUTORS IN LEARNING
AT DUMPIT. JEC: Journal of Educational Chemistry, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.21580/jec.2020.2.1.5728
Republic of Indonesia. (2003). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. Jakarta: Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/43920/uu-no-20-tahun-2003
Richards, K. A. R., & Hemphill, M. A. (2018). A Practical Guide to Collaborative Qualitative Data Analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2017-0084
Signore, F., Esposito, C., Di Napoli, I., Agueli, B., Ingusci, E., Mannarini, T., Toto,
G. A., Arcidiacono, C., & Fantinelli, S. (2024). Social dimensions as resources in promoting academic well-being: the case study of the University of Foggia. Frontiers in Psychology, 15.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347532
Speed, D., Barry, C., & Cragun, R. (2020). With a little help from my (Canadian) friends: Health differences between minimal and maximal religiosity/spirituality are partially mediated by social support. Social Science & Medicine, 265, 113387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113387
Sudarsono, S., & Abad, H. (2023). Characteristics of non-formal education students. Medicine Science, 9(2), 1–7. https://journal.staidenpasar.ac.id/index.php/wb/citationstylelanguage/g et/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=614
Swanson, E., Melguizo, T., & Martorell, P. (2021). Examining the Relationship Between Psychosocial and Academic Outcomes in Higher Education: A Descriptive Analysis. AERA Open, 7.
https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584211026967
Syamsuri, S., Darlan, S., & Indrajaya, K. (2024). Implementation of the Independent Learning Policy of Non-Formal Education Curriculum at PKBM Luthfillah Palangka Ray. Balance Sheet: Journal of Economic Education, 9(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.33084/neraca.v9i2.7176
Tesfaye et al. (2024). Psychosocial determinants of academic achievement in Ethiopian higher education students: Systematic review and metaanalysis. Academic & Educational Review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39263049/
UNESCO–UNFCCC. (2024). How to support educators and education systems' capacities in non formal education? https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/how-support-educators-and- education-systems-capacities-non-formal-education?utm_source.com
Yuli Yulianti, Lilis Karwati, & Lulu Yuliani. (2023). Tutor Assistance in Increasing Citizens' Motivation to Learn in Night Class Learning. Indonesian Journal of Adult and Community Education, 5(2), 143–151. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/IJACE/article/view/67739/26159
Zaifullah, Hairuddin Cikka, M. Iksan Kahar, M. Jen Ismail, & Iskadar. (2023). The Role of Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) in the Implementation of Non-Formal Education in the Society 5.0 Era. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(2), 14539–14549. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/2089
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2025-08-01
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The Role of Tutors as Learning Facilitators with a Psychosocial Approach Based on Character Education in PKBM Lingkaran. (2025). Proceeding of International Conference on Economics, Technology, Management, Accounting, Education, and Social Science (ICETEA), 1, 976-990. https://conference.unita.ac.id/index.php/icetea/article/view/439
