DIALECTICS OF LEGAL CERTAINTY AND AGRARIAN JUSTICE IN THE INDONESIAN AGRARIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: A MULTIPARADIGM STUDY
Keywords:
Legal certainty, Agrarian justice, Critical paradigmAbstract
The tension between legal certainty and agrarian justice is a classic issue in the Indonesian agrarian legal system, especially when legal-formal land norms are faced with the reality of unequal land tenure, tenure conflicts, and threats from certain community groups. This article aims to analyze the dialectic of legal certainty and agrarian justice in a multiparadigm framework, by placing law not only as a set of norms (positivistic paradigm), but also as a social phenomenon (socio-legal/interpretive paradigm) and an arena of power relations (critical paradigm). The method used is normative legal research with a conceptual approach and statutory regulations, which is enriched with an empirical perspective through a review of socio-legal literature related to land practices and agrarian conflict resolution. The results of the study show that the dominance of the positivistic paradigm tends to prioritize procedural certainty and formal proof, but has the potential to ignore the dimensions of substantive justice and the social history of land tenure. On the other hand, the socio-legal and critical paradigm emphasizes the importance of social context, legal pluralism, and the need for structural corrections to agrarian inequality. This study concludes that a multiparadigm approach can function as an analytical strategy to formulate a more integrative model of policy and agrarian dispute resolution, namely by strengthening legal certainty without abandoning the orientation towards the distribution of agrarian justice.
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