EXPLAINING POVERTY REDUCTION IN EAST JAVA: ASSESSING THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE, EDUCATION, HEALTH, AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Keywords:
economic development, education, health, infrastructure, povertyAbstract
Poverty remains a persistent challenge in East Java despite ongoing efforts to promote regional development and improve public welfare. Differences in poverty levels across regencies and municipalities suggest that the effectiveness of development outcomes may vary according to local socioeconomic conditions. Within the framework of population economics, poverty is often linked to the quality of human capital, particularly education and health, as well as the availability of supporting infrastructure and economic opportunities. This study aims to examine the influence of education, health, infrastructure, and economic performance on poverty levels across regencies and municipalities in East Java. In addition, it seeks to identify whether human capital factors play a more prominent role than regional development factors in explaining variations in poverty. This study employs a quantitative approach using cross-sectional data from 38 regencies and municipalities in East Java. Multiple linear regression analysis with robust estimation is used to assess the relationship between poverty and several explanatory variables, including average years of schooling, life expectancy, road infrastructure quality, gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita, open unemployment rate, and health insurance coverage. The findings reveal that the proposed model explains a substantial share of regional poverty variation. Among the variables examined, average years of schooling demonstrates the strongest and most consistent association with poverty reduction. Meanwhile, health, infrastructure, economic performance, and unemployment do not exhibit statistically significant effects within the estimated model. These results indicate that improvements in educational attainment are more closely associated with lower poverty levels than other development indicators. Strengthening educational outcomes therefore remains a critical pathway for reducing poverty disparities across East Java.
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